Building Scalable API Architecture for Modern Web Apps
EngineeringA practical guide to designing APIs that grow with your product - from RESTful conventions to GraphQL tradeoffs and beyond.
APIs are the backbone of modern web applications, yet they're often designed reactively rather than intentionally. A poorly architected API creates compounding technical debt that affects every team that consumes it.
REST vs GraphQL - Choosing the Right Fit
REST remains the right default for most public-facing APIs. It's predictable, cacheable, and familiar to every developer you'll ever hire. GraphQL earns its complexity when clients have legitimately divergent data needs - mobile vs desktop, internal tools vs public API.
- Use REST when your resource model is stable and well-defined
- Use GraphQL when different clients need different shapes of the same data
- Avoid GraphQL for simple CRUD APIs - the overhead rarely pays off
Versioning Strategy
Never break a public API contract. Version from day one using URL path versioning (<code>/v1/</code>, <code>/v2/</code>) rather than headers - it's more explicit, easier to route, and simpler to deprecate.
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